Gravitational “Anomalies” Caused by Shapiro Delayed Traveling Energy Quanta Around Galactic and Cosmic Scale Structures

Abstract.  In 1964, Irwin Shapiro pointed out that electromagnetic waves traveling near a gravitational well of a star were delayed due to relativistic Gravitational Time Dilation (GTD). This paper proposes that traveling energy quanta (mainly vacuum energy and gravitational waves, as well as neutrinos, electromagnetic waves, cosmic rays, stellar winds, and all other kinds of […]

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